Which approach includes contracture release, scoliosis correction, pacemaker placement?

• A. Physical therapy
• B. Surgical management
• C. Diet modification
• D. Pharmacotherapy

Answer: (B)

Managing these issues in muscular dystrophy requires surgical management. Contracture release targets fixed shortening of muscles and tendons that cannot be fully reversed with therapy alone, helping restore joint range of motion and function. Scoliosis correction is pursued when spinal curvature progresses to a point where breathing and posture are affected, a situation where conservative measures may slow progression but can’t fully correct severe deformity. Pacemaker placement is a cardiac procedure used when conduction defects or rhythm problems arise, maintaining a safer heart rhythm. These interventions are invasive and definitive, addressing structural and cardiac complications that non-surgical approaches cannot achieve. Therefore, the approach described is surgical management.